Water or cocktails with ice and lime

The image shows glasses containing clear liquids and ice, which are categorized as drinks requiring the bracha Shehakol. This applies to water, seltzer, soda, or mixed alcoholic drinks. The lime wedge visible in one glass is considered secondary (tafel) to the drink and does not require its own bracha. Note that Borei Nefashot is only recited if a revi'it (~3 fl oz) is consumed quickly; if the drink is sipped slowly over several minutes, no after-bracha is recited.

Rice with boiled eggs and sesame-coated protein

This meal consists of two distinct bracha categories. The rice is the primary item (ikar) and takes precedence. According to Ashkenaz custom, the bracha for rice is Mezonot (Sephardic custom is HaAdama). The boiled eggs and sesame-coated protein require Shehakol. Therefore, say Mezonot on the rice first, then Shehakol on the other items. Note the critical rice exception: although its rishona is Mezonot, its acharona is ALWAYS Borei Nefashot, not Al HaMichya. Since all items in this dish lead to Borei Nefashot, one recitation of it at the end covers the whole meal.

Stir-fried vegetables including broccoli, bok choy, carrots, and snap peas, served with water

This meal consists of a primary vegetable dish and a separate drink. The stir-fried vegetables (broccoli, bok choy, carrots, peas) grow from the ground and require the bracha HaAdama. Although mushrooms are Shehakol, they are considered secondary in this vegetable mix. The water requires Shehakol. In order of precedence, HaAdama is recited first, followed by Shehakol for the water. Both require Borei Nefashot as a bracha acharona if the quantity thresholds (kezayit for food, revi'it for drink) are met.

Grilled chicken salad with kale and croutons, and a cup of coffee

This meal consists of three distinct bracha categories. Following halachic precedence, the Mezonot (croutons) is recited first, then HaAdama (vegetables), and finally Shehakol (chicken and coffee). While the vegetables (kale) are the primary volume of the salad, croutons are a significant grain-based topping that often takes precedence. Note that leafy greens like kale have high potential for insect infestation and must be checked thoroughly. For the after-bracha, Al HaMichya is said if a kezayit of croutons was eaten; otherwise, Borei Nefashot covers the entire salad. The coffee only requires Borei Nefashot if a revi'it is consumed within approximately 4 minutes.

Romaine lettuce salad with dressing and water

The primary food item is Romaine lettuce, which grows from the ground and thus requires the bracha HaAdama. The dressing and cheese sprinkles are secondary to the lettuce and do not require their own blessing. In the background, there is water or another drink which requires Shehakol. According to the halachic hierarchy, HaAdama (rank 5) is recited before Shehakol (rank 6). Both categories share the same bracha acharona, Borei Nefashot. A critical kashrut note for Romaine lettuce: it is highly susceptible to insect infestation and must be thoroughly washed and checked by a knowledgeable person before consumption.

Flowering bush on a mountain hillside

The image captures a vibrant flowering bush (Bougainvillea) on a mountain hillside. In Jewish law, natural phenomena such as mountains and majestic natural scenery trigger the blessing 'Oseh Ma'aseh Breishit', praising God as the Creator. This bracha is typically said if the sight has not been seen for 30 days. If the bush itself is perceived as extraordinarily beautiful, the blessing 'Shekacha Lo Ba'olamo' (Who has such as these in His world) may also be applicable. Furthermore, if one were to smell the fragrance of these woody-stemmed flowers, the blessing 'Borei Atzei Vesamim' would be recited before smelling.

Grilled chicken with roasted potatoes, carrots, and squash

This meal consists of roasted vegetables (potatoes, carrots, squash) and grilled chicken. According to halachic precedence, the bracha on vegetables (HaAdama, rank 5) is recited before the bracha on meat/poultry (Shehakol, rank 6). After finishing the meal, the bracha acharona recited for both is Borei Nefashot.

Grilled chicken salad with lettuce and tomatoes

This meal consists of two primary food categories: vegetables (HaAdama) and chicken (Shehakol). According to the halachic hierarchy of precedence (Magah Esh), HaAdama is listed as 5th and Shehakol as 6th; therefore, the bracha on the vegetables (HaAdama) is recited first. The dressing is considered 'tafel' (secondary) and is covered by the brachot on the main ingredients. After eating, a single Borei Nefashot covers all components of the meal.

Smoked salmon with shawarma popcorn and a vegetable salad

This meal consists of two distinct bracha categories. First, recite Borei Pri HaAdama for the popcorn and the salad, as ground-grown produce takes halachic precedence over Shehakol items. Then, recite Shehakol for the smoked salmon. Note that despite the 'Everything Bagel' branding on the salmon package, no actual bread is present. After eating, recite one Borei Nefashot to cover all the items consumed.

Toast with peanut butter and banana, served with sliced strawberries

This meal consists of toast topped with peanut butter and banana slices, with strawberries on the side. In Jewish law, bread is considered the 'ikar' (primary part) of a meal. Therefore, the HaMotzi blessing recited over the bread covers all other food items on the plate (the peanut butter, bananas, and strawberries), and no separate blessings are required for them. After the meal, Birkat Hamazon is recited if at least a kezayit (~27g) of bread was consumed.

Oatmeal with dairy topping and coffee

This breakfast contains oatmeal (a cooked grain dish) and coffee. The oatmeal requires the bracha of Mezonot. The dairy topping in the bowl is considered 'tafel' (secondary) to the oatmeal and is covered by the oatmeal's bracha. The coffee is a separate drink and requires Shehakol. Mezonot is said first as it has a higher halachic precedence. For the after-bracha, Al HaMichya is recited for the oatmeal and Borei Nefashot for the coffee, provided the minimum required quantities (kezayit for solids, revi'it for liquids) were consumed. Note that if coffee is sipped slowly over a long time, an after-bracha may not be necessary.

Red wine and a grape

This image shows a glass of red wine and a grape. According to the halachic order of precedence, HaGefen (for wine) is recited before HaEtz (for the grape). For the after-bracha, Al HaGefen is recited if a revi'it (~86ml) of wine was drunk. Since there is only one grape (less than a kezayit), Borei Nefashot is recited for it (or no after-bracha according to some opinions). Note that wine requires a kosher certification (hechsher) to be consumed.

Black coffee

The image shows black coffee, which requires the bracha 'Shehakol' before drinking. Regarding the bracha acharona, 'Borei Nefashot' is only required if you drink a 'revi'it' (approximately 3 fluid ounces or 86ml) within a time period of about 30 seconds to a few minutes. Because coffee is usually hot and sipped slowly over a long period, a bracha acharona is often not recited. If iced coffee is drunk quickly and the amount exceeds a revi'it, then Borei Nefashot would be required.

Mezonos Bread

This product is labeled 'Mezonos Bread' because it is baked with fruit juice instead of water, qualifying it as 'Pas HaBa'ah B'Kisnin' (bread-like cake). If eaten as a snack (typically less than two pieces or less than about 8 oz depending on the custom), the bracha before is Mezonot and the bracha after is Al HaMichya (Mei'ein Shalosh). However, if one establishes a meal (Kovi'a Seuda) on this bread—such as eating a typical meal's quantity—the halacha requires one to wash hands with a bracha (Netilat Yadayim), recite HaMotzi before eating, and Birkat Hamazon after. The amount that constitutes a meal varies between Sephardic and Ashkenazic traditions; consult your rabbi for specific guidelines. The product shown has an OK Kosher certification and is Pas Yisroel.

Braided challah bread with seeds

The image features two loaves of braided challah bread. Bread made from wheat is categorized as HaMotzi. The various seeds (sunflower, pumpkin, sesame) on top are considered 'tafel' (subordinate) to the bread and are covered by the primary bracha of HaMotzi. ⚠️ Birkat Hamazon is only required if you ate a kezayit (~27g) of bread within ~4–7 minutes. If you ate less, most authorities hold no after-bracha is said.

Gatorade Zero Cool Blue sports drink in a car

The primary subject is a Gatorade sports drink, which requires the bracha 'Shehakol' before drinking and 'Borei Nefashot' after, provided at least a revi'it (~3oz) is consumed. Additionally, because the photo is taken inside a car (a mode of transportation), Tefillat HaDerech (The Traveler's Prayer) is relevant if the user is currently on a journey outside the city. Gatorade Zero is generally kosher-certified under the OU.

Pasta with tuna sauce, sliced peppers, candies, and water

This meal consists of three distinct categories requiring separate blessings in halachic precedence order. First, recite Mezonot on the pasta, as it is the highest-ranked item (grain). Second, recite HaAdama on the sliced peppers. Third, recite Shehakol on the water or candies. After finishing, if you ate a kezayit (~27g) of pasta, recite Al HaMichya. Then, recite Borei Nefashot to cover the peppers, water (if a revi'it was drunk), and candies.

Person wearing Tefillin with popcorn in the background

The image shows a person wearing tefillin, both the 'shel yad' (arm) and 'shel rosh' (head). Tefillin are worn during morning prayers (Shacharit) on weekdays. For educational purposes, the brachot for donning are provided here, though they are recited at the moment of application. There is also a bowl of popcorn visible in the background, which requires the bracha Ha'Adamah. According to Sephardic custom, only the first bracha (l'haniach tefillin) is said for both, whereas Ashkenazic custom recites two.

Shabbat candles

The image shows two lit candles, which is the standard minimum for Shabbat candle lighting. The procedure for Shabbat is unique: (1) Light the candles first, (2) Cover your eyes with your hands and wave them toward your face three times, (3) Recite the blessing, and (4) Uncover your eyes to behold the light. This order exists because once the blessing is said, Shabbat has officially begun for the one lighting, after which they could no longer kindle a flame. While today is Tuesday, these two candles most likely represent the Shabbat mitzvah. If this were a Yahrzeit (memorial), only one candle is usually lit, and no bracha is recited. If it were Hanukkah, a specific candelabra (Hanukkiah) would be used.

Roasted eggplant with a glass of water

The image shows a dish of roasted eggplant and a glass of water. Eggplant grows from the ground, so its bracha is Borei Pri HaAdama. Water's bracha is Shehakol Nihyeh Bidvaro. According to the halachic hierarchy of precedence, HaAdama (rank 5) is recited before Shehakol (rank 6). Both items share the same bracha acharona, Borei Nefashot, which is recited if the minimum quantities (kezayit for food, revi'it for drink) are consumed.

Water in a glass

The image shows a glass containing water. The bracha rishona (before drinking) is Shehakol. The bracha acharona (after drinking) is Borei Nefashot, which is only recited if you consume at least a revi'it (~86ml or 3 fl oz) within a short time (usually defined as the time it takes to drink that amount normally). If you drink it very slowly or only take a small sip, no after-bracha is said.

Bananas

Bananas are defined halachically as produce of the ground (HaAdama) rather than tree fruit (HaEtz) because the banana plant's stem does not remain from season to season, which is a requirement for a plant to be considered a perennial tree. The after-bracha for all amounts of banana is Borei Nefashot. While some bananas in the image are very dark, black bananas are commonly used for baking or smoothies and are still considered food for a bracha if they are edible.

Pineapple and strawberries

The image contains cut pieces of pineapple and strawberries. While many fruits get the HaEtz bracha, pineapple is a notable exception because it grows on a low annual plant rather than a perennial tree. Similarly, strawberries grow close to the ground on annual plants. Therefore, both items share the bracha of HaAdama. Since they are in the same category, only one bracha is recited for both. The after-blessing for these fruits is Borei Nefashot.

Grilled hamburger patty and hot dogs

The image identifies grilled meat items, specifically a hamburger patty and hot dogs. In Jewish law, all meat and poultry products fall under the 'Shehakol' category for the blessing before eating. Since all visible food items on the tray share the same bracha, one 'Shehakol' blessing covers the entire plate. The appropriate blessing after eating (if a 'kezayit' was consumed) is 'Borei Nefashot'.